You understand incorrectly. But, you are not alone. This myth has been perpetuated by people who have repeated what they have read in gun rags where zero research was done. SAAMI actually says that the two are interchangeable. You can check it on their website. Meanwhile, you can read some referenced research.
https://www.docdroid.net/shd8/the-truth-about-308-win-and-762-nato-pdf