Like all proper answers…it depends, Shepp! :yup:
Around here, 150gr from .308 will serve you fine out to 200 yards and beyond. Now if you're talking about a corn-fed, midwest trophy buck, you may have some issues.
Shot placement is king, there is no magic bullet in any caliber. I know plenty of people who repeatedly get 1-shot DRTs on deer, with "obsolete" leverguns, shooting "obsolete" hardcast lead. Hole in, hole out, PLOP. If a 150gr fancy bullet is too little out of a .308 platform, wouldn't a 150gr home-made lead bullet in a .30-30 with half as much powder be less effective? But .30-30 has been dropping deer for over a century with a claimed "maximum effective range" of 250 yards.
Between .308 and .30-06, the difference between the two in factory-ammo ballistics is negligible up to about 180gr, then the .30-06 starts pulling away.
On paper. Real world, it's shot placement.